Switchback roads are often built in mountainous or hilly terrain where the landscape is too steep for a straight road to be constructed. The switchback design allows the road to ascend or descend a steep slope in a series of zigzag turns, making it easier for vehicles to navigate the terrain. This design also helps to reduce the steepness of the road, making it safer for drivers and reducing the risk of accidents. Additionally, switchback roads are often more cost-effective to build in challenging terrain compared to straight roads.

For landscape photography, a camera with a high resolution sensor and wide dynamic range is ideal to capture the details and colors of the scenery. A full-frame DSLR or mirrorless camera with a wide-angle lens would be a good choice for capturing the vastness of landscapes. For street photography, a compact and discreet camera with fast autofocus and good low-light performance is preferred. A mirrorless camera with a prime lens or a high-quality compact camera would be suitable for capturing candid moments and street scenes without drawing too much attention.

A macro lens is typically the best choice for product photography. Macro lenses are designed to capture small subjects with great detail and clarity, making them ideal for capturing the intricate details of products. They also have a close focusing distance, allowing you to get up close to the product for detailed shots. Additionally, a lens with a focal length between 50mm and 100mm is recommended for product photography as it provides a natural perspective and minimizes distortion.

A prime lens with a focal length between 35mm and 50mm is typically considered suitable for street photography. These lenses offer a natural field of view that closely resembles what the human eye sees, making them great for capturing candid moments in urban environments. Additionally, prime lenses are often compact and lightweight, which is ideal for street photographers who need to move quickly and discreetly. Overall, a 35mm or 50mm prime lens is a popular choice among street photographers for its versatility and ability to capture authentic moments.

For animal photography, a camera with a fast autofocus system and high burst rate is essential to capture fast-moving subjects. A good choice would be a DSLR or mirrorless camera with at least 20 megapixels for high-quality images. As for the lens, a telephoto lens with a focal length of 70-200mm or longer is recommended to get close-up shots of animals without disturbing them. Additionally, a lens with image stabilization can help reduce camera shake when shooting handheld in low light conditions.

For wildlife photography, a camera with a fast continuous shooting speed, high resolution, and good low-light performance is ideal. Cameras like the Canon EOS 90D, Nikon D500, or Sony Alpha a6600 are popular choices. When it comes to lenses, a telephoto lens with a focal length of at least 300mm is recommended to capture distant wildlife without disturbing them. Lenses like the Canon EF 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6L IS II, Nikon AF-S NIKKOR 200-500mm f/5.6E ED VR, or Sony FE 200-600mm f/5.6-6.3 G OSS are great options for wildlife photography.

The best camera for wildlife photography is typically a DSLR or mirrorless camera with a high resolution sensor, fast autofocus system, and good low-light performance. Popular choices include the Canon EOS 5D Mark IV, Nikon D850, or Sony A7R IV. For lenses, a telephoto lens with a focal length of at least 300mm is recommended for capturing wildlife from a distance. Some popular options include the Canon EF 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6L IS II, Nikon AF-S 200-500mm f/5.6E ED VR, or Sony FE 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6 GM OSS. Ultimately, the best camera and lens will depend on your budget, specific needs, and personal preferences.

The main difference between camera settings for landscape shots and portrait photos is the aperture setting. For landscape shots, a smaller aperture (higher f-stop number) is typically used to achieve a larger depth of field and ensure that both the foreground and background are in focus. On the other hand, for portrait photos, a larger aperture (lower f-stop number) is often used to create a shallow depth of field, resulting in a blurred background that helps to emphasize the subject. Additionally, the focal length and composition may also vary between the two types of photography.